Tsib core technologies of TWS earphones
Thaum ntxov li 2014-2016, qee lub tuam txhab suab tau tshaj tawm thawj tiam ntawm lub mloog pob ntseg tiag tiag hauv khw, tab sis lawv muaj qee qhov teeb meem nrog Bluetooth kev twb kev txuas, microphone, roj teeb, thiab lwm yam. Hauv 2016, Apple tau tso tseg 3.5mm audio jack. ntawm iPhone 7 series thiab tau tshaj tawm cov khoom tshiab, Apple AirPods, uas tuaj yeem ua ke nrog iPhones, iPods, thiab MacBooks hauv vib nas this, thiab kev sib txuas tsis sib haum ntawm Bluetooth yog qhov zoo heev. Zoo kawg degree.
Thaum Airpods tau pib, qhov kev daws teeb meem no nrog dual-channel hloov tshuab thiab them cov ntaub ntawv sai sai ua lag luam. Ib pliag, True Wireless Stereo Headphones (TWS) tau los ua hom nrov tshaj plaws ntawm lub mloog pob ntseg ntawm lub khw. Android thiab audio manufacturers tau ua raws li kev nplua, xws li Sony, Beats, Bose, Jabra, Sennheiser, thiab lwm yam. tag nrho cov khoom tsim tawm, thiab TWS hom ntawm kev ua lag luam tau hloov nrog txhua hnub dhau mus. Tom qab ntau tshaj tsib xyoos ntawm kev txhim kho, TWS wireless earphones tau dhau los ua cov khoom siv hluav taws xob loj tshaj plaws.
TWS plus related to TWS?
Thaum tham txog TWS, peb feem ntau hnov lub sij hawm TWS ntxiv, yog li cas yog qhov kev sib raug zoo thiab qhov txawv ntawm ob?
TWS
TWS siv Bluetooth 5.0 lub ntsiab thiab pab pob ntseg kis tau tus mob. Thaum sib txuas, lub mloog pob ntseg yuav tsum tau txuas nrog lub pob ntseg loj (feem ntau yog pob ntseg sab xis) ua ntej, thiab tom qab ntawd cov iav tseem ceeb thiab lub pob ntseg sib txuas, yog li lub sij hawm xav tau rau kev sib txuas yog muab piv. ntev. Yog li ntawd, TWS yog qhov cuam tshuam rau kev cuam tshuam sab nraud, thiab nws lub zog siv ntau dua.
TWS plus
TWS plus (True Wireless Stereo Plus) yog Qualcomm's proprietary technology, uas tau qhia hauv Qualcomm's Snapdragon 845 processor hauv 2017 ntawm Android xov tooj. TWS plus is an evolution of TWS. Ob leeg ntawm nws lub pob ntseg tuaj yeem txuas ncaj qha rau lub suab. Raws li lub npe qhia, pob ntseg sab laug thiab sab xis tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ntawm nws tus kheej. Qhov no tso cai rau txhua lub pob ntseg kom tau txais cov teeb liab sib xws nrog kev poob qis, sib txuas sai thiab txuag hluav taws xob. Thaum TWS plus tau tshaj lub mloog pob ntseg muab lub suab zoo dua, cov yam ntxwv kuj nyob ntawm lub suab tau sib xws.
Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 2018, Qualcomm tau tshaj tawm TWS ntxiv cov thev naus laus zis kom ua tiav cov haujlwm ib txwm ua ntawm TWS headsets siv Qualcomm QCC5100 / QCC30XX Bluetooth chips thiab cov xov tooj ntawm tes raws li lub xov tooj ntawm tes xws li Snapdragon 845/7XX/855/865. Los ntawm kev siv cov kev daws teeb meem no, yuav muaj ob txoj kev sib txuas lus ywj pheej uas tau xa ncaj qha mus rau sab laug thiab txoj cai kom ua tiav kev sib txuas ywj pheej. Thaum ntaus suab paj nruag, txawm tias ib lub mloog pob ntseg raug tshem tawm, lub suab paj nruag yuav tsis cuam tshuam.
Cov xwm txheej tam sim no yog tias txhua lub mloog pob ntseg wireless tau sib xws nrog TWS, tab sis tsis yog txhua tus txhawb nqa TWS ntxiv.
TWS market
Txawm hais tias TWS thev naus laus zis tau siv ntau dua hauv cov khoos phis tawj, ntsiav tshuaj, thiab TVs, cov xov tooj smartphones tseem yog cov khoom siv sib txuas nyiam tshaj plaws rau TWS, thiab cov tuam txhab smartphone loj suav nrog Apple thiab Samsung tau rub lub ntsaws los ntawm lawv qhov kev tshaj tawm tshiab. Tshem tawm 3.5mm audio jack.
Tam sim no, TWS lub mloog pob ntseg lag luam tau tsim los ntawm ib tug maub nees mus rau ib tug nees golden, thiab kev ua lag luam thiab muag ntim tau loj hlob tsis tu ncua txhua xyoo. Hauv nws 2020 Kev Tshawb Fawb Cov Neeg Siv Khoom Siv Hauv Ntiaj Teb, Qualcomm tau hais tias kev siv thoob ntiaj teb ntawm TWS headsets tau ze li ob npaug txij li xyoo 2019, los ntawm 23 feem pua rau 42 feem pua. Hais tias, kwv yees li 42 feem pua ntawm cov neeg siv khoom siv wireless headphones saib TV, tsos, thiab lwm yam ntsiab lus video. Tus lej ntawd yuav tsum tau nce ntxiv vim lub roj teeb lub neej txhim kho ntxiv.
Raws li kev kwv yees ntawm kev tshawb fawb loj, thoob ntiaj teb TWS headset kev lag luam loj yuav yog kwv yees li $ 25.32 nphom hauv 2020 thiab xav tias yuav loj hlob ntawm CAGR ntawm 36.1 feem pua los ntawm 2021 txog 2028. Nrog rau qhov kev xav tau nthuav dav rau cov ntsiab lus streaming, ua ke. Nrog rau kev txais yuav sai sai ntawm kev tshaj xov xwm thiab kev siv video luv luv, kev loj hlob ntawm TWS headset kev ua lag luam xav tias yuav txuas ntxiv nrawm rau ob peb xyoos tom ntej no.
Raws li Strategy Analytics, xyoo 2020, tag nrho lub ntiaj teb kev muag khoom ntawm Bluetooth headsets tau tshaj 300 lab, thiab kev muag khoom ntawm TWS headsets tau tshaj li ib nrab ntawm daim duab no mus rau 170 lab. Tshwj xeeb, txoj kev txhim kho ntawm lub ntiaj teb TWS lub mloog pob ntseg lag luam zoo ib yam li cov lag luam smartphone 10 xyoo dhau los. Apple ua tus thawj coj hauv kev lag luam thiab feem ntau yog nyob hauv kev lag luam high-end, thaum Android maj mam nkag mus rau hauv kev lag luam qis los ntawm tus nqi qis, thiab nws txoj kev nkag mus rau tus nqi kuj tseem muaj qhov zoo sib xws nrog cov smartphones yav dhau los. Kev tshawb fawb cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm Strategy Analytics qhia tau hais tias nrog kev tshaj tawm ntawm AirPods Pro, Apple AirPods muag tau loj hlob sai ntawm 1 lab hauv 2016 txog 15 lab hauv 2018, thiab 60 lab hauv 2019.
Cov kws tshuaj ntsuam ntawm Juniper Research kwv yees tias Apple tau muag ze li ntawm 85 lab AirPods hauv 2020, suav txog li 70 feem pua ntawm tag nrho TWS cov nyiaj tau los thiab 55 feem pua ntawm kev lag luam ntawm cov khoom muag.
Los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm kev faib khoom lag luam, TWS headset lag luam yog thawj zaug los ntawm Apple. Tom qab ob peb xyoos ntawm txoj kev loj hlob, nws cov khoom AirPods muaj kev lag luam siab heev nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-rau-siab-kawg lag luam. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv txheeb xyuas los ntawm Counterpoint, raws li lub quarter thib ob ntawm 2020, peb lub tuam txhab saum toj kawg nkaus hauv TWS kev lag luam yog Apple (35 feem pua), Xiaomi (10 feem pua), thiab Samsung (6 feem pua). kev ua lag luam.
01
Ib qho ntawm cov thev naus laus zis tseem ceeb ntawm TWS: Bluetooth 5.0
Bluetooth yog lub wireless kis tau tus mob theoretically enables short-range connections between devices in 100 meters. Hauv kev xyaum, thaum siv cov khoom siv me me, peb feem ntau siv qhov kev ncua deb li ntawm 10 meters. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Bluetooth yog tias nws ua rau cov khoom siv sib txuas lus txawb thiab khoos phis tawj sib txuas thiab xa cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov lus tsis tas siv cov cables. Nws tuaj yeem hais tias Bluetooth thev naus laus zis yog qhov hloov pauv loj hauv kev txhim kho lub mloog pob ntseg, thiab nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv TWS.
Piv nrog rau tiam dhau los ntawm Bluetooth 4.2, Bluetooth 5.0, uas tau tawm thaum Lub Rau Hli 2{{10}}16, muaj qhov sib kis tau ntev dua thiab kis tau tus nqi sai dua. Qhov kev sib kis tau zoo yog 4 npaug ntawm BLE 4.2 version, thiab tus nqi sib kis yog 2 zaug siab dua. Bluetooth 5.0 qhov kev txhim kho tseem ceeb hauv kev hloov pauv tus nqi thiab latency pab tau ntau daim ntawv thov rau cov khoom siv wireless uas xav tau cov ntaub ntawv ntau ntxiv thiab cov lus teb sai dua. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev siv tswv yim, lub siab kis tau tus mob bandwidth ntawm Bluetooth 5.0 kuj ua rau TWS ob-txoj kev hais lus tau, thiab tus nqi siab dua ua rau lub suab playback ntau natural.
Bluetooth 5.2 sawv cev rau kev txhim kho tshiab hauv Bluetooth thev naus laus zis. Xyoo 2020, Bluetooth SIG launched LE audio, tiam tshiab ntawm Bluetooth audio technology standard. Nws yog raws li tus qauv Bluetooth 5.2 thiab tau txais qhov tshiab "LC3" suab decoder nrog lub suab zoo thiab tsis muaj zog noj, uas tuaj yeem nthuav cov ntaub ntawv suab tau zoo dua thiab xa cov ntaub ntawv ntau dua ntawm qis bandwidth yam tsis muaj kev txi lub suab zoo, uas yog qhov zoo rau ob qho tib si. suab zoo thiab lub zog efficiency. Qhov kev cia siab tshaj plaws hauv Bluetooth 5.2 yog qhov kev taw qhia ntawm Sync Channel, ib qho cuab yeej uas tso cai rau peb txuas ntau yam khoom siv Bluetooth mus rau ib qho chaw. Cia li xav txog seb nws yuav yooj yim npaum li cas los txuas rau txhua yam khoom siv ib zaug thiab hloov pauv ntawm lawv yam tsis tas yuav hloov pauv kev sib txuas ntawm nws thiab xov tooj, PC, lossis TV thaum siv TWS hauv tsev.
Txoj kev loj hlob sai ntawm TWS tau tsav kev txhim kho kev lag luam ntawm cov khoom lag luam sib txuas. Kev nce qib hauv kev tswj hwm nti, lub hwj chim tswj nti, wireless charging receiver nti, them lub thawv roj teeb, lub mloog pob ntseg roj teeb, kov tswj, thiab lwm yam thev naus laus zis tau txhim kho cov kev ua tau zoo thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm TWS headphones thiab coj cov neeg siv kev paub zoo dua.
02
Qhov thib ob core technology ntawm TWS: Bluetooth lub ntsiab tswj nti
Hauv TWS, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm Bluetooth master nti yog qhov tseeb ntawm tus kheej. Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov xov tooj ntawm tes thiab lwm yam pob ntseg, qhov kev txav mus los ntawm TWS muaj qhov xav tau ntau dua ntawm qhov loj thiab kev koom ua ke ntawm lub ntsiab tswj nti. Nrog rau kev sib ntxiv ntawm cov tshiab modules xws li suab nrov txo thiab kev ua haujlwm sensors, cov kev xav tau siab dua tau muab tso rau ntawm qhov chaw siv cov kab noj hniav thiab kev sib koom ua ke siab ntawm cov nti. Bluetooth tus tswv SoC nrog kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab kev sib koom ua ke siab muab qhov lav zoo rau TWS kom paub txog ntau yam haujlwm.
Tam sim no, muaj ntau ntau lub tuam txhab nyob rau hauv TWS lub ntsiab tswj chip lag luam, kev ua lag luam yog maj mam loj hlob, thiab kev sib tw ntawm cov tuam txhab yog hnyav. Lub lag luam high-end yog sawv cev los ntawm Apple, Qualcomm, Hengxuan, thiab Broadcom, thiab cov lag luam nruab nrab mus rau qis kawg suav nrog Luoda, Realtek, thiab Lanxun. Raws li kev txheeb cais tsis tiav, txij li Lub Kaum Hli 2020, muaj ntau dua 22 TWS tus tswv Bluetooth chip manufacturers hauv Suav teb.
Lub Qualcomm QCC5124 system-on-chip (SoC) yog tsim los ua kom tau raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm cov khoom siv me me rau lub zog, zoo, wireless Bluetooth mloog kev paub nrog kev siv hluav taws xob tsawg rau lub suab ntev dua. QCC5124 architecture yog tsim los rau kev ua haujlwm siab nrog kev siv hluav taws xob tsawg. Piv nrog rau nws cov thev naus laus zis dhau los, kev siv hluav taws xob tuaj yeem raug txo kom txog li 65 feem pua, ua kom lub suab ntev dua hauv yuav luag txhua hom kev ua haujlwm.
Daim duab 3: QCC5124 system thaiv daim duab
(Image Source: Qualcomm)
03
TWS core technology three: active noise reduction
Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, lub suab nrov txo kev ua haujlwm ntawm TWS earphones tau them nyiaj ntau thiab ntau dua los ntawm cov neeg siv khoom, thiab lub suab nrov txo qis (ANC) tau dhau los ua tus qauv ntawm cov khoom siv pob ntseg siab. Qualcomm cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb txog kev lag luam qhia tau hais tias 71 feem pua ntawm cov neeg siv khoom txaus siab rau lub suab nrov tshem tawm raws li qhov tshwj xeeb.
Txij li thaum Apple tso AirPods Pro, TWS headphones tau pib ua kom nrawm hloov mus rau TWS ntxiv rau ANC. Tam sim no, lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm lub suab nrov txo Bluetooth headsets ntawm kev ua lag luam txhua tus txais kev daws teeb meem ntawm kev sib cais ntawm Bluetooth nti thiab lub suab nrov txo nti. Rau TWS earphones nrog rau qhov chaw kaw ntom nti, ib qho kev daws teeb meem tsis yog tsuas yog siv lub zog tsawg dua xwb tab sis kuj tseem tso ntau qhov chaw rau cov khoom siv acoustic thiab cov roj teeb. Yog li ntawd, qhov kev tsim qauv no tseem yuav dhau los ua qhov kev txhim kho ntawm TWS earphones. Tau kawg, ntxiv nrog rau lub suab nrov txo nti, lub suab nrov txo cov nyhuv ntawm TWS headphones kuj muaj feem xyuam rau kev tsim ntawm lub mloog pob ntseg kab noj hniav, thiab lub chip Hoobkas yuav tsum ua hauj lwm ze nrog OEM / ODM manufacturers.
Dialog's DA7401 yog qhov ua tau zoo mono ANC codec tsim los rau TWS headphones thiab ntse pob ntseg hnav. Nws muaj 115dB playback dynamic ntau yam, 103dB kaw dynamic ntau yam, hybrid ANC, thiab saj zawg zog moos architecture.
DA7402 yog ib qho kev ua tau zoo, ultra-low-power stereo high-fidelity codec uas siv Dialog cov kev cai digital hybrid ANC thev naus laus zis los muab cov suab nrov tsis zoo nyob hauv ib puag ncig ntau zaus, ua rau nws suab hauv txhua qhov chaw. rau cov neeg siv kev paub zoo tshaj plaws. Lub DA7402 integrates lub suab processor uas muab kev ua tau zoo suab zoo, nrog rau ib tug dynamic playback ntau yam ntawm 115dB thiab ib tug sampling tus nqi ntawm 384kHz. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws muab 40kHz audio bandwidth los txhawb lub suab siab.
Lub DA7402 yog ib qho ntawm cov suab nrov tshaj plaws ntawm cov suab nrov tshem tawm cov codecs ntawm kev ua lag luam niaj hnub no, siv ib nrab ntawm lub zog ntawm cov kev daws teeb meem niaj hnub no thiab ua kom lub suab ua tau zoo dua ob npaug, ua rau nws zoo tagnrho rau cov headphones kev ua si, cov khoom siv pob ntseg ntse, TWS headphones, thiab ntau dua. .
Daim duab 4: ANC Codec DA740X Series
(Image Source: Mouser)
04
TWS core technology four: MEMS microphone
Ntau lub luag haujlwm ntawm TWS headsets xav tau cov sensors sib xws los muab kev txhawb nqa kho vajtse. Tam sim no, lub ntsiab sensor units ntawm TWS headsets suav nrog hais lus rau kev ua si suab paj nruag, MEMS microphones rau lub suab nrov txo thiab kev sib txuas lus, optical sensors rau hauv-pob ntseg nrhiav, pob txha voiceprint sensors rau kev sib txuas lus suab nrov txo, thiab 360 Six-axis sensors rau ib puag ncig suab. , lwm.
Hauv TWS headset, lub microphone yav dhau los tau siv rau lub suab hu ua haujlwm. Nrog rau daim ntawv thov ntawm ANC suab nrov txo cov cuab yeej hauv TWS pob ntseg, kom ua tiav lub suab nrov txo qis, kev sib koom tes ntawm ntau lub microphone tau siv dav, thiab cov kev xav tau ntawm microphones kuj tau nce siab dua. MEMS silicon chips muaj qhov zoo ntawm qhov me me thiab muaj zog ruaj khov. Txij li thaum qhov sib ntxiv ntawm kev ua haujlwm txo qis ua rau muaj kev xav tau siab dua ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub microphone, MEMS microphones tau dhau los ua thawj qhov kev xaiv rau TWS headset khoom.
TDK's high-performance MEMS microphone T5837/38 PDM nta lub siab Acoustic Overload Point (AOP) ntawm 133dB SPL, lub teeb liab-rau-suab nrov piv ntawm 68dBA, thiab ntau yam dynamic, ua rau nws zoo tagnrho rau kev siv xws li los ntawm ntsiag to heev rau nrov nrov, xws li Field ntse hais lus rau lub suab khaws rau ANC TWS daim ntawv thov. Lub T5848 SmartSound I2S MEMS microphone tuaj yeem muab lub suab nrov dhau ntawm 133dB SPL, lub teeb liab-rau-suab nrov piv ntawm 68dBA, thiab ntau qhov sib txawv, haum rau cov ntawv thov uas xav tau kev ua haujlwm siab ntawm cov suab nrov hauv ib puag ncig dynamic thiab nrov nrov.
Daim duab 5: TDK's high-performance MEMS microphone series T5837
(Image Source: TDK)
05
TWS core technology 5: power management chip
Lub hwj chim tswj nti yog tsuas yog siv rau kev them nqi thiab tso tawm TWS lub mloog pob ntseg, nrog rau cov roj teeb ntawm lub sijhawm tiag tiag, tshaj tawm tawm, overcurrent, thiab overtemperature xyuas thiab tiv thaiv luv luv thaum lub sij hawm them nyiaj thiab tawm. Txawm hais tias lub zog them thiab tawm ntawm lub hwj chim tswj nti yog qhov me me piv nrog cov khoom siv ib txwm muaj, rau TWS pob ntseg nrog cov kev xav tau siab, nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev nyab xeeb, siv hluav taws xob tsawg, siab tiv taus hluav taws xob, kev sib koom ua ke siab, thiab kev ua haujlwm siab. Cov kev xav tau kuj yog siab heev.
Lub MAX77650 / MAX77651 yog kev sib koom ua ke, ultra-low-power power management chips (PMICs) zoo tagnrho rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsawg, qhov loj me me xws li TWS qhov loj thiab kev ua haujlwm tseem ceeb. Ob lub chips muaj SIMO buck-boost regulator uas muab peb tus kheej txoj kev siv hluav taws xob.
Tsis tas li ntawd, 150mA LDO muab ripple rejection rau suab nrog rau cov suab nrov-sensitive daim ntaub ntawv. Cov kab hluav taws xob uas muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo txhawb nqa ntau yam Li-ion roj teeb muaj peev xwm thiab suav nrog roj teeb ntsuas kub kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntxiv (JEITA). Cov analog multiplexers nyob rau hauv MAX77650 / MAX77651 tuaj yeem hloov ntau qhov hluav taws xob sab hauv thiab cov teeb liab tam sim no rau sab nraud rau kev saib xyuas nrog rau sab nraud ADC. Ib tug bidirectional I2C interface muaj rau kev teeb tsa thiab tshuaj xyuas cov xwm txheej ua haujlwm ntawm lub cuab yeej.
Daim duab 6: MAX77650 system thaiv daim duab
(Image Source: Maxim)
Epilogue
TWS headphones yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam ntse suab thiab kev lag luam nascent. Yole Développement kwv yees hais tias kev xa khoom txhua xyoo ntawm TWS headsets, lub mloog pob ntseg, smartwatches, thiab cov neeg hais lus ntse yuav dhau 1.3 billion units los ntawm 2026, thiab cov suab zoo yuav dhau los ua qhov yuav tsum tau rau ntau daim ntawv thov xws li kev ua si, AR / VR kev paub, thiab 3D suab. teebmeem. thaub qab muaj nuj nqi. Smartphones thiab earphones muaj ib tug high degree ntawm ecological haum. Tam sim no, kev xa khoom thoob ntiaj teb ntawm Android xov tooj ntawm tes yog kwv yees li 6 npaug ntawm Apple lub xov tooj ntawm tes. Nws cia siab tias yav tom ntej, qhov sib koom ntawm Android hauv TWS earphone kev lag luam yuav nce ntxiv.
