Cov lus piav qhia ntxaws ntxaws ntawm lub ntiaj teb cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lub tsheb them cov qauv sib txuas
Obviously, ntshiab hluav taws xob-raws li lub zog tshiab tsheb tau dhau los ua tus qauv dav dav hauv kev lag luam tsheb. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej tam sim no uas nws nyuaj rau kev ua txhaum ntawm cov roj teeb thev naus laus zis hauv lub sijhawm luv luv, cov tsheb hluav taws xob tau siv dav siv cov chaw them nqi, vam tias yuav daws cov kev txhawj xeeb ntawm cov tswv tsheb los ntawm cov khoom siv them nyiaj txaus. Lub tsheb hluav taws xob them hluav taws xob sib txuas, ua ib qho tseem ceeb hauv cov khoom siv them nyiaj, tau ntsib teeb meem ncaj qha vim muaj cov qauv sib txawv hauv ntau lub teb chaws. Ntawm no peb txheeb tawm lub ntiaj teb ntau yam hluav taws xob tsheb them cov qauv rau koj.
1. Sib
Lub Combo socket tuaj yeem tso cai kom them qeeb thiab them ceev ceev ntawm lub tsheb hluav taws xob. Tam sim no nws yog hom khoom siv dav tshaj plaws hauv Tebchaws Europe, suav nrog Audi, BMW, Chrysler, Daimler, Ford, GM, Porsche, thiab Volkswagen tag nrho cov nruab nrog SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers). ) tsim kev them nyiaj interface.
Thaum Lub Kaum Hli 2, 2012, cov kev hloov kho tshiab ntawm SAE J1772, uas tau pov npav los ntawm pawg neeg koom nrog SAE, tau dhau los ua tus qauv DC nkaus xwb hauv ntiaj teb. Lub hauv paus ntawm qhov nruab nrab rau DC them ceev ceev raws li kev kho dua ntawm J1772 yog Combo Connector.
Cov txheej txheem dhau los ntawm tus qauv (tsim hauv 2010) tau teev cov theem pib J1772 txuas rau AC them nyiaj, nrog cov nqi qis dua (AC Level1 rau 120V thiab Level2 rau 240V). Qhov kev sib txuas yooj yim no tau siv dav niaj hnub no thiab sib xws nrog Nissan Leaf, Chevrolet Volt, thiab Mitsubishi i-MiEV hluav taws xob tsheb. Ntxiv rau tag nrho cov haujlwm tseem ceeb, Combo Connector hauv J1772 tus qauv tshiab tsim nyob rau xyoo 2012 muaj ob tus pins ntxiv, uas tuaj yeem siv rau DC them ceev ceev, tab sis nws tsis sib xws nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tam sim no.
Pros: Qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm Combo Connector yog tias yav tom ntej automakers tuaj yeem siv lub qhov (socket) ntawm lawv cov qauv tshiab, tsis yog rau thawj tiam, me me AC connector tab sis kuj rau tiam thib ob, loj dua. Combo Connector, tom kawg tuaj yeem muab ob qho tib si DC thiab AC tam sim no, them nyiaj ntawm ob qhov sib txawv.
Qhov tsis zoo: hom kev them ceev ceev yuav tsum muaj chaw nres tsheb them nyiaj kom muaj txog li 500 volts thiab 200 amps ntawm tam sim no.
2. Tesla
Tesla tsheb muaj lawv tus kheej cov txheej txheem them nqi, thov tias lawv tuaj yeem khiav ntau dua 300 mais hauv 30 feeb. Yog li ntawd, nws lub qhov (socket) them muaj peev xwm ntawm 120kw thiab qhov siab tshaj plaws tam sim no ntawm 80A.
Tam sim no, Tesla muaj 908 Supercharger chaw nres tsheb hauv Tebchaws Meskas. Txhawm rau nkag mus rau Tuam Tshoj, Tesla kuj tau tsim 7 lub chaw nres tsheb supercharging hauv kuv lub tebchaws, 3 hauv Shanghai, 2 hauv Beijing, 1 hauv Hangzhou, thiab 1 hauv Shenzhen. Tsis tas li ntawd, txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau ua kom zoo dua rau hauv ntau thaj tsam, Tesla npaj yuav tso tseg kev tswj hwm ntawm cov qauv them nqi thiab txais yuav cov qauv hauv tebchaws ntawm ntau lub tebchaws, uas tau ua tiav hauv Suav teb.
Qhov zoo: advanced technology, high charging efficiency.
Disadvantages: Raws li lub teb chaws tus qauv ntawm ntau lub teb chaws, nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau nce kev muag khoom yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam; qhov kev them nqi yuav raug txo qis tom qab kev sib haum xeeb, thiab nws yog qhov teeb meem.
3. CCS
Txhawm rau hloov qhov xwm txheej ntawm chaotic charging interface qauv, yim lub tuam txhab Asmeskas thiab German loj, Ford, GM, Chrysler, Audi, BMW, Mercedes-Benz, Volkswagen, thiab Porsche, tau tshaj tawm "kev sib koom them nyiaj" hauv xyoo 2012. "Combined Charging System" (Combined Charging System), tus qauv "CCS".
Lub "kev them nyiaj sib koom ua ke" tuaj yeem sib koom ua ke tag nrho cov kev them nyiaj uas twb muaj lawm, kom plaub hom ntawm ib-theem AC them, ceev peb-theem AC them, tsev DC them thiab super-ceev DC them tuaj yeem ua tiav nrog ib qho interface.
AE tau xaiv cov kev them nyiaj ua ke raws li nws tus qauv, thiab ntxiv rau SAE, European Automobile Manufacturers Association (ACEA) kuj tau tshaj tawm tias nws tau xaiv cov kev them nyiaj ua ke raws li DC / AC charging interface siv rau txhua qhov ntsaws. muag hauv Tebchaws Europe pib xyoo 2017. Lub tsheb fais fab. Txij li thaum lub teb chaws Yelemees thiab Tuam Tshoj tau koom ua ke cov qauv kev them nyiaj rau lub tsheb hluav taws xob xyoo tas los, Tuam Tshoj kuj tau koom nrog European thiab Asmeskas cov chaw pw hav zoov, coj cov sijhawm tsis tau muaj dua los rau kev tsim tsheb hluav taws xob hauv Suav teb. Zinoro 1E, Audi A3e-Tron, BAIC E150EV, BMW i3, Denza, Volkswagen e-up, Changan Yidong EV, thiab SmartEV tag nrho yog cov "CCS" standard camp.
Qhov zoo: BMW, Daimler, thiab Volkswagen, peb lub tuam txhab German automakers, yuav nce lawv cov peev hauv tsheb hluav taws xob hauv Suav teb, thiab CCS tus qauv yuav muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau Tuam Tshoj.
Qhov tsis zoo: EVs uas txhawb nqa "CCS" tus qauv yog muag me me los yog nyuam qhuav pib muag.
4. CHADEMO
CHAdeMO yog lub npe luv ntawm CHArge de Move. Nws yog CHAdeMO qhov (socket) txhawb nqa los ntawm Nissan thiab Mitsubishi Motors hauv Nyiv. CHAdeMO txhais los ntawm Nyij Pooj txhais tau hais tias "them sijhawm luv luv li kas fes so". Qhov no DC fast charging socket tuaj yeem muab lub peev xwm them siab tshaj plaws ntawm 50kw.
EV qauv uas txhawb nqa tus qauv no suav nrog Nissan Leaf, Mitsubishi Outlander Plug-in Hybrid, Citroen C-ZERO, Peugeot iON, Citroen Berlingo, Peugeot Partner, Mitsubishi i-MiEV, Mitsubishi MINICAB-MiEV, Mitsubishi MINICAB-MiEV Truck, Honda Fit hluav taws xob version, Mazda DEMIOEV, Subaru Stella plug-in hybrid, Nissan eEV200, thiab lwm yam. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg ntawm no hais tias Nissan Leaf thiab Mitsubishi i-MiEV hluav taws xob tsheb muaj ob qhov sib txawv them qhov (socket), ib qho uas tsim nyog rau qhov pib J1772 connector, uas yog Combo connector qhia hauv thawj ntu; lwm qhov yog tsim rau Nyiv haiv neeg CHAdeMO tus qauv txuas.
Txoj kev them nyiaj ceev uas tau txais los ntawm CHAdeMO yog qhia hauv daim duab, thiab tam sim no yog tswj los ntawm CAN tsheb npav teeb liab ntawm lub tsheb. Qhov ntawd yog thaum saib xyuas cov xwm txheej ntawm lub roj teeb, tus nqi tam sim no xav tau rau kev them nyiaj yog xam hauv lub sijhawm tiag tiag, thiab kev ceeb toom raug xa mus rau lub charger los ntawm txoj kab kev sib txuas lus; lub charger ceev tau txais cov lus txib tam sim no los ntawm lub tsheb hauv lub sijhawm thiab muab qhov tam sim no raws li tus nqi teev tseg.
Los ntawm kev tswj hwm lub roj teeb, cov xwm txheej ntawm lub roj teeb tau saib xyuas thiab tam sim no tswj tau hauv lub sijhawm tiag tiag, uas ua tiav tag nrho cov haujlwm uas xav tau rau kev them nyiaj sai thiab nyab xeeb, kom ntseeg tau tias kev them nyiaj tsis txwv los ntawm universality ntawm lub roj teeb. Hauv Nyij Pooj, 1,154 lub chargers ceev tau teeb tsa raws li CHAdeMO tus qauv tau muab tso rau hauv kev siv. Hauv Tebchaws Meskas, CHAdeMO cov chaw them nqi kuj tau dav "ntev lub vas". Cov ntaub ntawv tshiab kawg los ntawm US Department of Energy qhia tias muaj 1,344 CHAdeMO AC chaw them ceev ceev hauv Tebchaws Meskas.
Qhov zoo: Ntxiv rau cov ntaub ntawv tswj kab, CHAdeMO kuj tseem siv lub npav CAN ua qhov kev sib txuas lus. Vim nws lub suab nrov tiv thaiv kab mob siab thiab muaj peev xwm nrhiav tau qhov yuam kev, kev sib txuas lus ruaj khov thiab kev ntseeg siab yog siab. Nws cov ntaub ntawv zoo them nyiaj ruaj ntseg tau lees paub los ntawm kev lag luam.
Qhov tsis zoo: CHAdeMO yog Ameslikas tsim los rau kev them nyiaj tawm ntawm 100 kW, thiab lub connector yog loj heev, tab sis lub zog tso zis hauv lub tsheb them tsuas yog 50 kW.
5. GB/T20234
Hauv xyoo 2006, Tuam Tshoj tau tshaj tawm "Cov Lus Qhia Tseem Ceeb rau Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob thiab Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob" (GB / T20234-2006). Lub teb chaws tus qauv no qhia txog qhov them tam sim no li 16A, 32A, thiab 250A AC. Txoj kev faib tawm ntawm kev sib txuas nrog 400A DC feem ntau yog kos rau ntawm tus qauv uas tau hais los ntawm International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) hauv xyoo 2003, tab sis tus qauv no tsis qhia txog tus lej ntawm kev sib txuas pins, lub cev loj, thiab lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev them nyiaj interface.
Xyoo 2011, Tuam Tshoj tau qhia txog tus qauv pom zoo GB/T20234-2011, uas hloov qee cov ntsiab lus hauv GB/T20234-2006, uas tau teev tseg tias qhov ntsuas AC voltage yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 690V, zaus yuav tsum yog 50Hz. , thiab qhov ntsuas tam sim no yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 250A; DC rated voltage yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 250A. Tsis ntau tshaj 1000V, ntsuas tam sim no tsis tshaj 400A.
Qhov zoo: Piv nrog rau xyoo 2006 version ntawm lub teb chaws tus qauv, kev them nyiaj ntau dua qhov cuam tshuam yog ntsuas kom meej.
Disadvantage: Tus qauv tseem tsis zoo tag nrho. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tsuas yog tus qauv pom zoo, thiab nws tsis raug cai.
6. Lub cim tshiab ntawm ChaoJi charging system
Nyob rau hauv 2020, Tuam Tshoj Hluav Taws Xob Council thiab CHAdeMO Council yuav sib koom ua haujlwm tshawb fawb ntawm ChaoJi industrialization txoj kev txhim kho, thiab tso tawm "Electric Vehicle ChaoJi Conductive Charging Technology White Paper" thiab CHAdeMO3.0 tus qauv raws li. .
Chao Ji's charging system yog pem hauv ntej thiab rov qab-tshaj. Cov kev tswj tshiab thiab kev taw qhia Circuit Court yog tsim, thiab ib qho nyuaj ntawm lub teeb liab tsim tau ntxiv. Thaum muaj teeb meem tshwm sim, lub semaphore yog siv los ceeb toom rau qhov ntxeev siab kom sai sai rau lub sijhawm los xyuas kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev them nyiaj. Tsim kom muaj tus qauv kev nyab xeeb ntawm tag nrho cov kab ke, txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm rwb thaiv tsev, thiab qhia meej txog cov teeb meem kev nyab xeeb xws li I2t, y capacitance, PE tus neeg xyuas pib xaiv, qhov siab tshaj plaws luv-circuit peev thiab PE disconnection. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov txheej txheem kev tswj hwm thermal tau rov ntsuas dua thiab tsim qauv, thiab cov qauv kev sim rau cov khoom siv sib txuas tau raug npaj.
Chao Ji them nyiaj interface txais yuav tus 7- tus pin kawg lub ntsej muag tsim, theem voltage tuaj yeem ncav cuag 1000 (1500) V, thiab qhov siab tshaj plaws tam sim no tuaj yeem ncav cuag 600A. ChaoJi charging interface yog tsim los txo tag nrho qhov loj me, ua kom haum rau kev ua haujlwm siab, txo qhov loj ntawm lub hwj chim davhlau ya nyob twg, thiab ua tau raws li IPXXB kev nyab xeeb. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, daim ntawv qhia lub cev rau kev ntsaws thiab tshem tawm yog tsim los, uas ua rau qhov tob tob ntawm cov lus qhia pem hauv ntej ntawm lub qhov (socket) thiab ua tau raws li ergonomic.
Chao Ji charging system tsis yog tsuas yog xa mus rau lub zog hluav taws xob sib txuas, nws yog cov txheej txheem hluav taws xob hluav taws xob DC them cov kev daws teeb meem, suav nrog kev tswj hwm thiab lub kauj voj voog, kev sib txuas lus raws tu qauv, tsim thiab ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom sib txuas, kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev them nyiaj. system, high-power Thermal tswj nyob rau hauv kev khiav hauj lwm tej yam kev mob, thiab lwm yam Chao Ji lub them system yog ib tug kev daws teeb meem rau lub ntiaj teb no kom tib lub tsheb hluav taws xob yuav siv tau rau lub charger system ntawm lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv txawv teb chaws.
Cov ntsiab lus
Vim muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tshiab hauv kev ua lag luam niaj hnub no, cov qauv siv cov khoom siv them nqi tsis zoo ib yam, thiab ib hom kev them nyiaj txuas txuas tsis tuaj yeem ua tau raws li txhua tus qauv. Tsis tas li ntawd, thev naus laus zis hauv thaj chaw ntawm lub zog tshiab tsheb tseem tab tom loj hlob. Cov pawg them nyiaj thiab cov khoom siv sib txuas ntawm ntau lub tuam txhab tsheb tseem tab tom ntsib nrog cov khoom tsim tsis ruaj khov, muaj peev xwm ua rau muaj kev phom sij, kev them nyiaj txawv txav, thiab pawg tsheb hauv kev siv tswv yim thiab kev laus ib puag ncig. Incompatibility, tsis muaj cov qauv xeem, thiab lwm yam.
Niaj hnub no, cov tuam txhab tsheb hauv ntau lub teb chaws tau maj mam pom tias "tus qauv" yog qhov tseem ceeb cuam tshuam rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov tsheb fais fab. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, tus qauv kev them nyiaj thoob ntiaj teb tau maj mam hloov ntawm "diversified" mus rau "centralized". Txawm li cas los xij, txhawm rau kom paub tseeb txog kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov qauv them nqi, ntxiv rau cov qauv kev sib txuas, cov qauv kev sib txuas lus tam sim no kuj yuav tsum tau ua. Qhov qub yog cuam tshuam txog seb cov khoom sib txuas puas sib haum, thiab qhov kawg cuam tshuam seb lub ntsaws tuaj yeem siv tau thaum nws tso. Tseem muaj txoj hauv kev ntev mus rau kev sib koom ua ke cov qauv kev them nyiaj rau cov tsheb hluav taws xob. Ob lub tuam txhab tsheb thiab tsoomfwv yuav tsum tau "qhib lawv tus cwj pwm" ua ntej lub tsheb hluav taws xob tuaj yeem muaj lub neej yav tom ntej. Nws cia siab tias kuv lub teb chaws tus thawj coj hauv kev thawb ChaoJi conduction charging thev naus laus zis tus qauv rau lub tsheb fais fab yuav ua lub luag haujlwm ntau dua yav tom ntej.