Kev taw qhia luv luv rau tus kheej-tsim advanced composite electroplating txheej
Composite electroplating yog ib hom tshiab ntawm electroplating tsim nyob rau hauv 1920s, thiab thawj patent tsis tshwm sim kom txog rau thaum 1949. Qhov no yog pob zeb diamond composite ntawm American Simos (Simos) siv pob zeb diamond thiab npib tsib xee co-deposition los ua cov cuab yeej txiav. plating technology. Txij thaum ntawd los, kev sib xyaw plating tau txais kev saib xyuas ntawm cov kws tshaj lij electroplating hauv ntau lub tebchaws, thiab kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tsim kho tau ua haujlwm zoo heev. Niaj hnub no, nws tau dhau los ua ib ceg tseem ceeb ntawm electroplating technology.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev sib xyaw electroplating yog tso cov khoom nrog ntau yam kev ua haujlwm rau hauv txheej txheej raws li matrix kom tau txais txheej txheej nrog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom. Cov khoom sib txawv siv, muaj cov txheej txheem hnav-tiv taus, tiv thaiv kev sib txhuam txheej, siab hardness txiav txheej, fluorescent txheej, tshwj xeeb cov khoom sib xyaw txheej, nano-composite txheej, thiab lwm yam.
Yuav luag txhua hom plating tuaj yeem siv los ua lub hauv paus da dej rau kev sib xyaw plating, suav nrog ib qho hlau plating thiab alloy plating. Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau siv lub hauv paus da dej rau kev sib xyaw plating feem ntau yog npib tsib xee plating. Tsis ntev los no, kuj tseem muaj cov txheej txheem sib xyaw raws li zinc thiab alloy electroplating rau kev tsim khoom tiag.
Thaum ntxov, cov khoom sib xyaw feem ntau yog cov khoom siv tiv thaiv, xws li silicon carbide, alumina, thiab lwm yam, thiab tam sim no lawv tau tsim los ua cov txheej txheem sib xyaw nrog ntau lub zog. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txij li thaum tshwm sim ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm nanometers, cov khoom sib xyaw hu ua nanocomposite cov ntaub ntawv tau tshwm sim los ntawm lub sijhawm. Qhov no yog qhov sib xyaw coatings muaj peev xwm zoo.
2. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm composite electroplating
Composite electroplating, tseem hu ua cladding plating thiab inlay plating, yog txheej txheem tshiab rau txheej txheej khoom hauv cov hlau txheej los txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm txheej. Raws li cov khoom ntawm cov khoom coated, cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke nrog cov haujlwm sib txawv yog tsim.
Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev kawm composite electroplating co-deposition, Renxin tau npaj peb co-deposition mechanisms, xws li mechanical co-deposition, electrophoretic co-deposition, thiab adsorption co-deposition. Tam sim no, ob-theem adsorption txoj kev xav tau los ntawm NGuglielmi hauv xyoo 1972 feem ntau tau txais. Tus qauv tsim los ntawm Guglielmi ntseeg hais tias qhov saum npoo ntawm cov khoom hauv cov txheej txheem plating yog ib puag ncig los ntawm ions. Tom qab ncav lub nto ntawm lub cathode, lawv yog thawj loosely adsorbed (tsis muaj zog adsorbed) nyob rau saum npoo ntawm cathode. Qhov no yog lub cev adsorption thiab cov txheej txheem thim rov qab. Cov khoom maj mam nkag mus rau saum npoo ntawm cathode thiab tom qab ntawd faus los ntawm cov hlau tso.
Kev kho lej ntawm qhov tsis muaj zog adsorption kauj ruam hauv cov qauv no siv cov qauv ntawm Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Rau cov kauj ruam adsorption muaj zog, nws tau txiav txim siab tias qhov muaj zog adsorption tus nqi ntawm cov khoom muaj feem xyuam nrog cov kev pab cuam ntawm qhov tsis muaj zog adsorption thiab hluav taws xob teb ntawm qhov sib cuam tshuam ntawm electrode thiab kev daws teeb meem. Qee cov kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov txheej txheem kev sib koom ua ke ntawm kev hnav-tiv taus nickel-pob zeb diamond sib xyaw txheej qhia tau hais tias cov nickel-pob zeb diamond co-deposition mechanism ua raws li Guglielmi tus qauv ob-kauj ruam adsorption, thiab cov kauj ruam tswj ceev yog cov kauj ruam adsorption muaj zog. Txog tam sim no, kev sib xyaw electrodeposition, zoo li lwm yam thev naus laus zis tshiab thiab cov thev naus laus zis tshiab, yog nyob deb ua ntej ntawm txoj kev xav hauv kev coj ua, thiab kev tshawb fawb ntawm nws cov txheej txheem niaj hnub tsim.
3. Additives rau composite electroplating
Lub matrix txheej ntawm composite electroplating feem ntau siv cov thawj additive series ntawm no hom ntawm plating, xws li cov txheej txheej nrog npib tsib xee plating raws li cov cab kuj, thiab cov low-stress nickel plating brightener yuav siv tau. Txawm li cas los xij, raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib xyaw electroplating, cov khoom siv electroplating nws tus kheej kuj yuav tsum tau siv qee cov khoom ntxiv los txhawb kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw thiab cov khoom. Cov additives muaj xws li particle hluav taws xob kev ua tau zoo adjusters, surfactants, antioxidants, stabilizers, thiab lwm yam raws li lawv lub zog.
(1). Them nqi adjuster
Vim hais tias kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov khoom thiab cov txheej txheem nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm ib qho hluav taws xob teb yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sib xyaw plating, ua rau cov khoom siv nrog cov nqi zoo yog qhov zoo rau kev sib koom ua ke, tab sis feem ntau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob nruab nrab thiab yuav tsum tau ua. kho kom cov nto adsorb zoo nqi hais. Qee cov hlau ions xws li Ti plus , Rb plus , thiab lwm yam tuaj yeem ua rau adsorbed ntawm alumina los ua cov khoom nrog cov nqi zoo, uas yog qhov zoo rau co-deposition nrog txheej. Qee cov ntsev thiab cov tshuaj macromolecular kuj muaj cov haujlwm ntawm kev kho cov nqi ntawm cov khoom. Txhawm rau kom ua tiav lub zog saum npoo ntawm cov khoom nrog cov sib xyaw ua ke, tag nrho cov khoom sib xyaw plating yuav tsum muaj cov khoom ntxiv rau cov tshuaj plating kom tau txais kev kho saum npoo, zoo ib yam li degreasing thiab ua kom nto hauv cov txheej txheem electroplating, thiaj li yuav tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo. - tso tseg. hluav taws xob khoom.
(2). Surfactant
Hauv kev sib xyaw plating nrog silicon carbide ua cov khoom sib xyaw, fluorocarbon surfactant ntxiv los pab txhawb kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov khoom. Yog li ntawd, qee qhov surfactants kuj tseem muaj peev xwm hloov kho. Tab sis cov surfactant kuj ua raws li ib tug dispersant, uas tseem ceeb heev rau lub uniform faib ntawm cov hais nyob rau hauv da dej. Kuj tseem muaj qee cov surfactants uas muaj cov yam ntxwv muaj peev xwm thiab muaj cov txiaj ntsig pom tseeb ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm tshwj xeeb, uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev sib xyaw plating ntawm cov qauv gradient.